Histological and histochemical changes by clove essential oil upon the gonads of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) / Alteraciones histológicas e histoquímicas provocadas por el aceite esencial de clavo de olor en las gónadas de Spodoptera frugiperda ( je smith ) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous insect that causes economic losses to several crops in Brazil and is the major obstacle to corn production. Researches focusing on alternative control, e.g. botanical products are expanding to offer a wide variety of molecules that interfere with different biological parameters of insect pests. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that clove essential oil affects the spermatogenesis, ovarioles histochemistry and the fertility of S. frugiperda. The results showed that clove essential oil affects the gametogenesis of S. frugiperda ovarioles, reflecting negatively on its reproduction, proving to be a promising tool for controlling this pest.

Spodoptera frugiperda es un insecto polífago que causa pérdidas económicas a varias cosechas en Brasil y es el mayor obstáculo para la producción de maíz. Este estudio está centrado en el control alternativo, con productos botánicos que se están expandiendo y ofrecen una amplia variedad de moléculas que interfieren con diferentes parámetros biológicos de plagas de insectos. Por tanto, se puso a prueba la hipótesis de que el aceite esencial de clavo de olor afecta la espermatogénesis. La histoquímica de los ovarioles y la fertilidad de S. frugiperda. Los resultados mostraron que el aceite esencial de clavo de olor afecta la gametogénesis de los ovarioles en S. frugiperda, lo que incide negativamente en su reproducción, demostrando ser una herramienta prometedora para el control de esta plaga.

Histological and enzyme histochemical studies on the transitional gonads of giant grouper Epinephelm tauvina [perciforms: serranidae] from the Arabian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia

The present work was carried out using twenty mature Epinephelus tauvina [Perciforms: Serranidae] collected from Arabian Gulf coast at Dammam City. Fishes of this species are known to undergo sex change during certain stage of their life cycle. Histological and enzyme histochemical studies were performed on gonads of the collected fishes. The examination of the gonads of E. tauvina revealed the presence of three developmental phases during the sex change process. These were: Female, early transition phase and late transition phase each one may subdivide into two stages. In female phase several developmental stages of the oocytes were recognized. At the beginning of early transition phase perinucleolar mature oocytes began degeneration while late transition phase characterized by rapid proliferation of spermatogenic cells. The histochemical studies demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase enzyme gave intense reaction in granulosa cells of mature oocytes while acid phosphatase gave an intense reaction in the interstitial cells and atretic follicles but delta S -3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme gave intense reaction to special cells in capsule of gonads

Reproductive impairment of tilapia zillii [Gerv.] living in different basins of lake Mariut, Alexandria

This study aimed at inspecting pollution impact on the reproduction process of Tilapia zillii [Gerv.] living in three main basins of Lake Mariut. Our results revealed that there were two main seasons detected for males and females during a whole year of investigation, namely, non-spawning and spawning seasons. In males, though the two seasons started and ended simultaneously, gonadosomatic index values of males living in the relatively clean area were significantly higher than those of the other two polluted areas. However, no structural alterations could be detected in sections of male gonads from the three basins. All stages of maturation were represented in all gonad sections. In females, gonadosomatic index values of fish living in the relatively clean basin were significantly higher than those of fish living in the other two polluted areas. Females living in the relatively clean area attained two prominent peaks during the spawning season compared to one peak for the other two polluted areas. Spawning season for one of the two polluted areas was one month shorter than the reference area. Historically, belated and deformed maturation stages as well as ruptured and empty follicles were observed in female gonad sections from the two polluted areas

A hermaphrodite dog with bilateral ovotestes and pyometra

Hermaphroditism was identified in a 3-year-old American Cocker spaniel with an enlarged os clitoridis that was shown as reddish finger-like structure protruding from the vulva. The urethral orifice was located cranially to the base of the os clitoridis. The gonads were situated caudal to the kidneys at the cranial tips of the uterine horns, and were composed mainly of seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells and had ovarian follicles in the cortices. The uterus was enlarged and revealed pyometra. Gross and histopathological findings of the dog suggested hermaphroditism with bilateral ovotestes and pyometra.

Fertilidad masculina en Chile: estudio dirigido en poblaciones de alto riesgo de disfunción germinal / Masculine fertility in Chile: study in population of high risk of germinal disfunction

Numerosos reportajes han sido publicados acerca de la disminución en la calidad seminal durante las últimas décadas. Para conocer esta situación en nuestra población conducimos un estudio prospectivo evaluando el estado del epitelio germinal en grupos de pacientes de conocido alto riesgo de disfunción germinal. Presentamos nuestros hallazgos e intentamos analizar los resultados respecto a lo comunicado por diferentes autores extranjeros

Effect of larval trematodes on the gonads and antibody response of the freshwater snails, biomphalaria Alexandrina and bulinus truncatus

Infection of hermaphroditic freshwater snails with digenetic trematodes causes a strong reduction in gamete production and sexual maturation. The reduction in gamete production in infected snails coincides with the migration and establishment of larval stages of parasite in the gonad acini. The acini were abserved to be invaded with large numbers of rediae and cercariae and consequently the gonad of B, alexandrina [Ehrenberg, 1831] and B. truncatus [Audouin, 1827] following exposure to infection were investigated, to characterize the parasite-induced response and to understand its functional relevance. Infection provoked significant elevations in titres, but this elevation doesn't interfere or stop the fate of parasite. Thus, the functional relevance of the response remains enigmatic

Estudio bioquímico-histológico de los efectos de litio en algunos organos de vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) / Biochemical-histological study of the effects of lithium in some organs of vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus)

Considerando que la vizcacha (lagostomus maximus maximus) es un roedor muy sensible al Litio (Li), planificamos un estudio bioquímico-histológico inyectando cloruro de Li 1 mEq/Kg/día vía intraperitoneal durante un mes a vizcachas adultas de ambos sexos agrupadas en tres lotes. En el lote I se comprobó por técnicas de microscopía óptica un evidente dano renal, gonodal, hipofisario y adrenal; por métodos bioquímicos se comprobó que el Li disminuyó significativamente los niveles séricos de LH en hembra, el contenido de testosterona y estradiol no fue modificado. En machos el Li sérico resultó significativamente mayor (p<0.01, Prueba de t) que en hembras. El dano fue mayor en machos. en el Lote II se estudió a 30 días de la última administración el grado de recuperación tisular del dano comprobado en el Lote I. Se verificó una recuperación total en hipófisis, parcial en testículo, nula en rinón y se incrementó el dano en adrenal y ovario. Con respecto al efecto seletivo sobre la zona glomerulosa adrenal del Li sería producido via hipófisis. En conclusión el efecto selectivo de Li en adrenal y gónadas en este roedor es una contribución para alertar sobre la posible producción de estos efectos en humanos

Mixed gonadal dysgenesis and dysgenetic male pseudohermaphroditism--a critical analysis.

A 10 year prospective study of 14 patients with mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and six patients with dysgenetic male pseudohermaphroditism (DMP) is reported. All of them had internal mullerian structures, along with unilateral or bilateral dysgenetic testes, ambiguous external genitalia. Twelve had been brought up as male, nine of whom had a unilateral descended testis. Eight had been reared as females, as they had bilaterally undescended gonads, and ambiguous genitalia. Clinical examination, retrograde genito-urethrography and cytogenetic studies suggested the diagnosis in 16 patients, while four were diagnosed on inguino-abdominal exploration for undescended testis. This report delineates more clearly the clinical profile of these orders. All the patients reared as male were assigned the male gender following abdominal gonadectomy, retention of scrotal testis and male genitoplasty. The eight patients who were reared as females underwent bilateral salpingo-gonadectomy and female genitoplasty. This management differs from the usual recommendation that all such children should be reared as females. Ten patients (50%) had maternal history of previous abortion/stillbirth, or drug intake in the first trimester of pregnancy suggesting a role of these factors in the etiology. All cases of DMP had a 46,XY karyotype, while eight of 14 cases of MGD had mosaicism with 45X/46,XY cell lines in blood or gonadal cultures. The clinicopathological features of patients of MGD and DMP were similar. It is suggested that these two disorders represent different spectra of the same disorder. A unifying concept of etiopathogenesis is proposed.

Influence of pituitary on histology of Bidder's organ in castrated toad Bufo melanostictus.

Weight, number of follicles and corpora lutea of Bidder's organ increased significantly after castration of adult toad in breeding season. Removal of pituitary along with testes decreased both weight and number of follicles and corpora lutea. Administration of luteinizing hormone (LH) in castrated and hypophysectomized toad showed more or less similar result as that of control indicating that LH has an effect on the histology of Bidder's organ in the toad.

La gonada larval de Bufo arenarum sometida a hormona tiroidea / The larval gonad of Bufo arenarum exposed to thyroid hormones

La gónada de Bufo arenarum se presenta con características femenminas en todas las larvas dado que esta especie representa un ejemplo de raza sexual "indiferenciada". El sexo genético masculino recién se evidencia luego de la metamorfosis. A fin de comprobar la eventual vinculación entre diferenciación gonadal y hormona tiroidea, se trataron las larvas con tri-iodo-tironina. Los resultados demuestran un incremento en el número y en el grado de maduración de los ovocitos

Donación de óvulos y GIFT: nuevo concepto repoductivo / Oocytes donation and GIFT: new reproductive concept

Transferencia intratubaria de gametos (GIFT) se efectuó en 11 pacientes con falla gonadal prematura e infertilidad, utilizando donación de oocitos. La terapia sustitutiva esteroidea fue en base a Valerinato de Estradiol y Progesterona, mismas que se mantuvieron hasta el día 100 posterior a la transferencia. En todos los casos el GIFT se efectuó entre los días 13 y 70 del ciclo. Se lograron 5 embarazos de 11 ciclos (tasa de éxito de 45.4%) un embarazo culminó con un nacido vivo y los otros cuatro se encuentran en su primer, segundo y tercer trimestre. Se presenta un nuevo esquema simplificado para el manejo hormonal sustitutivo y ofrecemos resultados que sugieren una amplia "ventana endometrial" para el manejo de éstos esquemas. Los resultados ofrecen un futuro alentador para las pacientes con falla gonadal prematura